SE Academic Review 2023

7 ACADEMIC REVIEW 2023

Bibliography Barnett, P. E. (1997). Figurations of Rape and the Supernatural in Beloved . PMLA, 418-427 . Bernatonyé, V. (2011). History Revisited in T. Morrison’s Novels Jazz and A Mercy: Black Individual’s search for identity . Vilnius Pedagogical University Faculty of Philology, Department of English Philology , pp. 37-39. Clough, P. T. (1998). Toni Morrison: Rememory and Writing . Counterpoints , 113-130. Cutter, M. J. (2000). The Story Must Go On and On: The Fantastic, Narration, and Intertextuality in Toni Morrison’s Beloved and Jazz . African American Review , 61-75. Gillespie, C. (2008). Critical Companion to Toni Morrison: A Literary Reference to Her https://www.salon.com/1998/02/02/cov_si_02int/ Khaleghi, M. (2011). Narration and Intertextuality in Toni Morrison’s Jazz . The Criterion: An International Journal in English . Krumholz, L. (1992). The Ghosts of Slavery: Historical Recovery in Toni Morrison’s Beloved . African American Review , 395-408. Mobley, M. S. (2005). Memory, History and Meaning in Toni Morrison’s Beloved . Toni Morrison (Bloom’s Modern Critical Views) , 67-77. Morrison, T. (1987). Beloved . London: Vintage . Morrison, T. (1992). Jazz . London: Vintage . National Human Trafficking Hotline. (2016). The Victims . Retrieved from National Human Trafficking Hotline: https://humantraffickinghotline. org/what-human-trafficking/human-trafficking/ victims Pici, N. (2000). Trading Meanings: The Breath of Music in Toni Morrison’s “Jazz” . CEA Critic , 18-38. Trace, J. (1991). Dark Goddesses: Black Feminist Theology in Morrison’s “Beloved” . Obsidian II , 14-30. Wilson, O. (2016). The City and the Voice of Jazz . Retrieved from Boston University: http://www-test.bu.edu/afam/files/2016/03/ Olivia-Wilson-The-City-and-the-Voice-of-Jazz.pdf Life and Work . New York: Facts on File . Jaffrey, Z. (1998). The Salon Interview - Toni Morrison . Retrieved from Salon:

notion of ‘rememory’ and the constant, tale-bearing tone of Jazz , Morrison effectively uses the narrative voice to convey the pains of slavery and its impact on relationships. As well as this, the characterisation within the novels helps provide a representation of the relationships of people that were impacted as a result of slavery. Morrison uses Beloved as a means of depicting how fear of slavery drives people to go against human instincts; this is manifested in Sethe’s murder of her own child – the brutality of the murder resonates with the reader and presents the idea of how the impact of slavery affects familial relationships in particular. Morrison presents an alternative view of the impacts of slavery on relationships through illustrating the relationship between Joe and his own self. Within Jazz , Morrison focuses on the impact of slavery on the individual and depicts how the slave trade had an effect on the relationship people had with themselves. Joe’s lack of a maternal figure reflects the reality of many African-Americans during this time hence portraying how the slave trade resulted in a lack of identity and self-knowledge. Despite Morrison’s effective use of narrative voice and characterisation in illustrating the impact of slavery on relationships, the symbolism within the novel is most effective in portraying the lasting impact of slavery on relationships. The symbolism within both Beloved and Jazz represents and communicates the experiences of millions who endured both the slave trade and its aftermath. The symbolism of 124 and Sethe’s milk in Beloved and the City of Harlem in Jazz elevates Morrison’s writing causing her message to resonate further with the reader. Through use of symbolism, Morrison can portray the impact of slavery not just on the characters within the novel, but also the wider African-American community.

“ Morrison uses Beloved as a means of depicting how fear of slavery drives people to go against human instincts... ”