Academic Research Booklet

Below: The section highlighted in yellow is a direct quote, the section in blue is an indirect quote (re-worded to fit the flow of the essay).

Note how the quotes are surrounded by further wording either introducing, concluding or building on a point. Quotes should never be in sentences on their own.

Pandas like to swim

The National Geographic (2020) states “Pandas are often seen eating in a relaxed sitting posture, with their hind legs stretched out before them. They may appear sedentary, but they are skilled tree-climbers and efficient swimmers.”, this suggests although we tend to consider Pandas to be fairly inactive animals, they in fact have other, often overlooked attributes. Patrick Smith’s 1999 study corroborating this looked at how regularly Pandas engage in swimming, it was found Pandas swim for pleasure on average 3 times a month; using the data provided the conclusion can be drawn that not only are Pandas adept at swimming, they do in fact like to swim.

The citations have been written differently for the two quotes; sometimes you may want to include the author name and/ or date in the sentence, whichever of the two you don’t include in the sentence must be included in brackets to complete the citation.